Papers with masking strategies
“Is Whole Word Masking Always Better for Chinese BERT?”: Probing on Chinese Grammatical Error Correction (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | a Chinese model with whole word masking has no subword because each token is an atomic character. |
| Approach: | They propose to use whole word masking to mask all subwords corresponding to a word at once . they ask models to revise or insert tokens in a masked language modeling manner . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs better when one character is inserted or replaced . the model trained with standard character-level masking performs best when one token is masked . |
Choosing What to Mask: More Informed Masking for Multimodal Machine Translation (2023.acl-srw)
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| Challenge: | Pre-trained language models have achieved remarkable results on several NLP tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose three new masking strategies for cross-lingual visual pre-training that focus on learning different linguistic patterns. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods outperform the baseline model and achieve state-of-the-art accuracy on the Portuguese-English MMT task. |
On the Robustness of Reading Comprehension Models to Entity Renaming (2022.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | SpanBERT model is more robust than RoBERTa, despite having similar accuracy on unperturbed test data. |
| Approach: | They propose a pipeline to replace entity names with names from a variety of sources. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs worse when entities are renamed, the authors show . SpanBERT, which is pretrained with span-level masking, is more robust than RoBERTa . |
Learning Rich Representation of Keyphrases from Text (2022.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | Prior work has referred to extractive (part of document) or abstractive (not part of document). |
| Approach: | They propose to use a new pre-training objective to introduce keyphrases into transformer language models in discriminative and generative settings. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves performance in discriminative and generative settings and also improves on named entity recognition, question answering, relation extraction and abstractive summarization tasks. |
Should You Mask 15% in Masked Language Modeling? (2023.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Masked language models (MLMs) traditionally mask 15% of tokens due to the belief that more masking would leave insufficient context to learn good representations. |
| Approach: | They revisit the 15% masking rate of MLMs to examine the role of masking in linguistic training. |
| Outcome: | The proposed masking rate outperforms BERT-large size models on GLUE and SQUAD while maintaining 95% accuracy. |
Self-Evolution Learning for Discriminative Language Model Pretraining (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Random masking does not consider the importance of the different words in the sentence meaning, e.g., entity-level masking requires expensive prior knowledge and generally does not use existing model weights. |
| Approach: | They propose a token masking and learning method that uses a random masking strategy to learn the under-explored tokens. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves linguistic knowledge learning and generalization on 10 tasks. |
Data Efficient Masked Language Modeling for Vision and Language (2021.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Masked language modeling (MLM) is one of the key sub-tasks in vision-language pretraining. |
| Approach: | They propose a masking strategy that masks tokens with a 15% probability for text-only data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed masking strategy outperforms the baseline model on a prompt-based probing task designed to elicit image objects. |
KIA: Knowledge-Guided Implicit Vision-Language Alignment for Chest X-Ray Report Generation (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing reports on medical images and reports lack fine-grained cross-modal interaction, leading to insufficient understanding of detailed information. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for establishing cross-modal semantic alignment in radiology report pairs using knowledge-guided implicit vision-language alignment. |
| Outcome: | KIA improves understanding of medical images and reports by incorporating medical knowledge to enhance pathological observation and anatomical landm. |
Improving Pre-trained Language Model Sensitivity via Mask Specific losses: A case study on Biomedical NER (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Fine-tuning is the prevailing practice for adapting language models (LMs) to new domains. |
| Approach: | They propose a mask specific language model that weights the importance of domain-specific terms during fine-tuning to avoid insensitivity. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms advanced masking strategies such as span- and PMI-based masking. |
InforMask: Unsupervised Informative Masking for Language Model Pretraining (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Masked language modeling is used for pretraining large language models for knowledge-intensive tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose an unsupervised masking strategy that exploits Pointwise Mutual Information to select the most informative tokens to mask. |
| Outcome: | The proposed strategy outperforms random masking and previously proposed masking strategies on the factual recall benchmark LAMA and the question answering benchmark SQuAD v1 and v2. |
Effective Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Adversarially Trained Language Models (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent work has shown the importance of training contextualised word embedding models on the domain of the target task of interest. |
| Approach: | They propose a masking strategy which adversarially masks out those tokens which are harder to reconstruct by the underlying MLM. |
| Outcome: | The proposed training strategy outperforms random masking on six unsupervised domain adaptation tasks and achieves up to +1.64 F1 score improvements. |
LayoutMask: Enhance Text-Layout Interaction in Multi-modal Pre-training for Document Understanding (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Pre-trained models on document images with transformer-based backbones have led to significant performance gains in this field. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-modal pre-training model that combines text, layout and image . they propose to use local 1D position instead of global 1D positions as layout input . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can achieve state-of-the-art results on a wide variety of VrDU problems. |